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Hepatic fibrosis （HF） is a pathological process of abnormal repair of liver tissue structure caused by chronic liver injury， and its pathogenesis has not been fully clarified. Related studies have shown that programmed cell death may be associated with the onset of HF， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a significant effect in regulating programmed cell death to intervene against HF. This article reviews the main mechanism of the influence of programmed cell death on HF and discusses the possible mechanism of TCM regulation of programmed cell death in improving HF， which provides new ideas for TCM prevention and treatment of HF.
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OBJECTIVE@#To identify traditional Chinese drugs that contain active ingredients for treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) and explore their therapeutic mechanisms using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.@*METHODS@#The TCMSP database was used for screening the traditional Chinese drugs containing active ingredients for treating MI, and the related targets of MI and the candidate drugs were obtained from Genecards, OMIM, PharmGkb and PharmMapper databases. The common target network of the drug targets and disease targets was established using Venny2.1.0 software. GO and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis of the common targets was performed, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for the targets. The targets in the PPI network were analyzed to identify the key targets, for which GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Molecular docking was performed for the candidate ingredients and the key targets, and a total score ≥6 was used as the criteria for screening the therapeutic ingredients and their docking binding with key targets was verified. A human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to validate the candidate ingredients and the key therapeutic targets for MI by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Our analysis identified Salvia miltiorrhiza and Dalbergiae odoriferae as the candidate drugs rich in active ingredients for treatment of MI. These ingredients involved 16 key therapeutic targets for MI, which participated in such biological processes as inflammatory response, angiogenesis, energy metabolism and oxidative stress and the pathways including HIF-1, VEGF, and TNF pathways. Sclareol and PTGS2 in Salvia miltiorrhiza and formononetin and KDR in Dalbergiae odoriferae all had high docking total scores. Western blotting showed that at medium and high doses, sclareol significantly inhibited PTGS2 expression and formononetin promoted KDR expressions in the cell models in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both Salvia miltiorrhiza and Dalbergiae odoriferae have good therapeutic effects on MI. Sclareol in Salvia miltiorrhiza and formononetin in Dalbergiae odoriferae regulate the expressions of KDR and PTGS2, respectively, to modulate the inflammatory response, angiogenesis, oxidative stress and energy metabolism and thus produce myocardial protective effects.
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Humans , China , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Molecular Docking Simulation , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Network PharmacologyABSTRACT
"Kidney essence" is a profound concept in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. But its biological basis is unknown until now, resulting in the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese drugs on reinforcing kidney for supplementing essence hard to be evaluated. This study aimed, to explore the potential biological basis and mechanism of traditional Chinese drugs of reinforcing kidney for supplementing essence on diseases related to deficiency of kidney essence through network pharmacology analysis on the intersection of targets of drugs and diseases. The targets for ingredients in Rehmanniae radix praeparata (RRP), Polygoni multiflori radix praeparata (PMRP) and Polygonati rhizome (PR) were gathered from TCMSP and TCMID database. Osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, anemia, infertility and oligospermia targets were collected from OMIM and DisGeNET database. Drug-compound-target-disease (DCTD) network was established with Cytoscape 3.6.1 software, then Clue GO and DAVID database was used to acquire the annotation about GO terms and signaling pathways. Natural aging mice, an acknowledged syndrome model of deficiency of kidney essence, and RRP were used to verify the predictive targets by Western blot analysis. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the international guidelines and regulations for the care and use of animals. DCTD network showed that the intersection of drugs and diseases included 175 common targets. After topology analysis, 71 key were screened out targets which were associated with GO annotation exhibited that biological processes (including transcription regulation, RNA metabolism regulation, and DNA-dependent transcription regulation), cell composition (including nuclear lumen, organelle lumen, and membrane closure lumen), molecular function (including transcription regulation, transcription factor activity, and enzyme binding), and signaling pathway (including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), erythropoietin (EPO) and other signaling pathways. In natural aging mice, the expressions of HIF-1α, growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2), MAPK3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A), transcription factor AP-1 (JUN) and proto-oncogene c-Fos (FOS) in EPO pathway were significantly decreased. RRP significantly reversed the decrease of the above targets. Above all, these results indicated that the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese drugs of reinforcing kidney for supplementing essence on deficiency of kidney essence may be related to the regulation of nuclear transcriptional activity and EPO signaling pathway.
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Objective: To observe the clinical effects of pediatric tuina plus Chinese medicine for exogenous fever in children. Methods: A total of 150 children withexogenous fever were randomly divided based on the random digital table into a control group (75 cases) and a treatment group (75 cases). The control group was treated with oral Xiao'er Chaigui Tuire Keli (<1 year old, 0.5 bag/time; 1-3 years old, 1 bag/time; 4-6 years old, 1.5 bags/time), 4 times/day. The treatment group was treated with pediatric tuina plus the intervention of the control group. The amount and usage of Chinese medicine were the same as those of the control group; tuina was conducted 1 time/day. The clinical effects and adverse reactions were observed after 3 d of treatment in both groups. The recurrence was observed within 7 d after the end of treatment. Results: The total effective rate was 92.0％ in the treatment group and 81.3％ in the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions in the two groups after treatment. The recurrence rate was 1.5％ in the treatment group and 13.1％ in the control group. The difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pediatric tuina plus Chinese medicine is effective in treating children with exogenous fever.
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Objective:To observe the clinical effect of tuina plus foot bath with Chinese medicine for patients with diabetic foot (DF) in early stage.Methods:A total of 70 patients with early-stage DF were randomly allocated by the random number table into two groups,with 35 cases in each group.Patients in the control group received conventional medication,while patients in the observation group received tuina plus foot bath with Chinese medicine on the basis of conventional medication.The clinical efficacy was compared after 2 courses of treatment.Results:After treatment,intra-group comparisons of ankle-brachial index (ABI) showed statistical significance in both groups (both P＜0.05).The curative rate was 83.3％ in the observation group,with the total effective rate of 96.7％,versus 29.4％ and 76.5％ in the control group,respectively,and the between-group comparisons showed statistical significance (both P＜0.05),indicating a better effect in the observation group.Conclusion:Tuina plus foot bath with Chinese medicine has a good therapeutic effect for DF patients in early stage.
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This paper reviewed the mechanism of Chinese herbal bathing for knee osteoarthritis. It has been found that Chinese herbal bathing worked mainly through improving bone circulation, inhibiting inflammation and promoting the progress of chondrocytes restore.In addition, the autophagy was related to the degeneration and apoptosis of chondrocytes. This paper help to provide ideas and direction for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with Chinese herb bathing therapy.
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Objective To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on proteinuria and inflammatory factors on the model of diabetic kidney disease rats. Methods The male SD rats were divided into the blank group, model group, treatment group, control group. The diabetic kidney disease model was induced by using the left inferior abdominal cavity. After eight weeks, we observed the changes of the rat's weight/kidney weight, blood sugar, IL-6, urine microalbumin, MCP-1 and TGF-β. Results Compared with the model group,the blood glucose(9.96 ±3.73 mmol/L vs.17.16 ±5.75 mmol/L)and Proteinuria(11.73 ±4.01 mg/L vs.19.57 ± 8.38 mg/L,P<0.05) of the treatment group significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group,the level of IL-6(58.87 ±14.69 ng/L vs.85.22 ±12.16 ng/L)and the MCP-1(1.52 ±0.86 ng/L vs.3.17 ± 1.26 ng/L)of the treatment group were significantly lower (P<0.05). Conclusions The Chinese medicine can reduce the FPG, proteinuria and the removal of serum inflammatory factors in diabetic kidney disease.
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Objective To observe the effect of exteme dose of heat-clearing drugs on temperature in the postoperative fever patients.Methods A total of 70 patients with postoperative fever who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group (35 patients) and observation group (35 patients). The observation group was treated with exteme dose of heat-clearing drugs, and the control group was treated with the common dose formula. Both groups were treated for 3 day, and followed up for 3 day. The changing of the temperature before and after treatment, the onset time and time of relieving fever were analyzed.Results Compared with the baseline before the treatment, the 1st day, 2nd after treatment, the highest temperature in observation group at thte 3rd day(37.5 ± 0.5℃vs. 37.6 ± 0.5℃, 38.1 ± 0.5℃,38.3 ± 0.5℃,F=20.883) was significantly lower; the highest body temperature in the control group at the 3rd day (37.5 ± 0.6℃vs. 37.5 ± 0.5℃, 38.1 ± 0.6℃, 38.4 ± 0.4℃,F=25.088) was significantly lower (P<0.01). At the 3 day in the follow up period, compared with the baseline before the treatment, the 1st day, 2nd after treatment, the highest body temperature in observation group (36.9 ± 0.5℃vs. 37.1 ± 0.2℃, 37.3 ± 0.5℃,F=7.778) were significantly lower (P<0.01).Conclusions The high of heat-clearing drugs treatment for the postoperative fever can effectively lower the temperature, and there is no obvious difference of the onset time and the time of relieving fever between two groups.
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Objective To observe the effect of exteme dose of heat-clearing drugs on temperature in the postoperative fever patients.Methods A total of 70 patients with postoperative fever who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the control group (35 patients) and observation group (35 patients). The observation group was treated with exteme dose of heat-clearing drugs, and the control group was treated with the common dose formula. Both groups were treated for 3 day, and followed up for 3 day. The changing of the temperature before and after treatment, the onset time and time of relieving fever were analyzed.Results Compared with the baseline before the treatment, the 1st day, 2nd after treatment, the highest temperature in observation group at thte 3rd day(37.5 ± 0.5℃vs. 37.6 ± 0.5℃, 38.1 ± 0.5℃,38.3 ± 0.5℃,F=20.883) was significantly lower; the highest body temperature in the control group at the 3rd day (37.5 ± 0.6℃vs. 37.5 ± 0.5℃, 38.1 ± 0.6℃, 38.4 ± 0.4℃,F=25.088) was significantly lower (P<0.01). At the 3 day in the follow up period, compared with the baseline before the treatment, the 1st day, 2nd after treatment, the highest body temperature in observation group (36.9 ± 0.5℃vs. 37.1 ± 0.2℃, 37.3 ± 0.5℃,F=7.778) were significantly lower (P<0.01).Conclusions The high of heat-clearing drugs treatment for the postoperative fever can effectively lower the temperature, and there is no obvious difference of the onset time and the time of relieving fever between two groups.
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Objective To improve the skills of pharmacists in pharmaceutical care and to provide patients with better individualized pharmaceutical care.Methods A total of 785 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) counseling outpatient cases, consultation modes, objectives, consulting drugs, consulting problems were analyzed.Results Office counseling was the dominant method for TCM counseling (85.10%), followed by telephone counseling (14.90%). Of all the counselings, patients and their relatives accounted for 80.63%, where females was 60.25% and males 39.75%; and patients over 40 years of age accounted for 81.91%. Of all the pharmacy counseling, heart system disorder were the major (14.79%), followed by drugs for Qi, blood and body fluid disorder (12.61%); the contents of counseling were diversity, which included dosage and administration amounts (29.04%), experience for drug use (14.14%), drug interactions (10.39%) and adverse reactions (9.55%). Conclusion TCM counseling could offer an effective platform of communication between pharmacists and patients, improve patients' medication compliance, and ensure patients' safe, rational, economical and effective.
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Protestant medical missionaries, who started entering China during the beginning of the 19th century, set the goal as propagating Western medicine to the Chinese while spreading the Christian gospel. Back in those days, China formed deep relations with their own ideology and culture and depended on Chinese medicine that caused major influence on their lives instead of just treatment behaviors. Accordingly, it is natural to see information about Chinese medicine in documents that were left behind. Yet, there are not many studies which dealt with the awareness of Chinese medicine by medical missionaries, and most were focused on the criticism imposed by medical missionaries regarding Chinese medicine. Thus, there are also claims amongst recent studies which impose how the medical missionaries moved from overlooking and criticizing Chinese medicine to gaining a "sympathetic viewpoint" to a certain degree. Still, when the documents left behind by medical missionaries is observed, there are many aspects which support how the awareness of Chinese medicine in medical missionaries has not changed significantly. In addition, medical missionaries actively used medicine like traditional Chinese drugs if the treatment effect was well known. Yet, they barely gave any interest to the five elements, which are the basics of traditional Chinese drugs prescription. In other words, medical missionaries only selected elements of Chinese medicine that were helpful to them just like how the Chinese were choosing what they needed from Western knowledge. The need to understand Chinese medicine was growing according to the flow of times. For instance, some medical missionaries admitted the treatment effect of acupuncture in contrast to claiming it as non-scientific in the past. Such changes were also related to how focused medical missionaries were on medical activities. The first medical missionaries emphasized the non-scientific aspect of Chinese medicine to verify the legitimacy of medical mission. Then, medical missionaries gradually exerted more efforts on medical treatment than direct mission activities so the need of Chinese medicine became greater. This was because Chinese relied on Chinese medicine the most and even used Chinese medicine terms that they knew to explain their conditions while getting treatment from doctors who learned Western medicine. Additionally, medicine missionaries witnessed patients getting better after receiving treatment so they could not completely overlook Chinese medicine. However, medical missionaries strongly believed in the superiority of Western medicine and considered that China certainly needed Western medicine from a scientific perspective. Chinese doctors who were close to medical missionaries and learned about Western medicine believed in Western medicine and thought that Chinese medicine only held historical value besides some fields like Chinese traditional drugs.
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Awareness , China , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Medicine, Chinese Traditional/history , Missionaries/history , Protestantism/historyABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the rules of property of the drugs used by State Medical Master Yan Zhenghua in clinical.Methods The prescriptions used by Pro. Yan were collected to build a database, which was based on traditional Chinese medicine inheritance assistant software. After analyzed by the software, such as using the module to analyze the prescriptions, the medication characters of the prescriptions can be got from the database.Results Drugs of warm nature were used with the highest frequency 7998 times, followed by the cool 7866 times, leveling 6763 times, cold 3942 times, and hot 95 times. From the property of five flavors, the most used flavor of drugs was bitter 15260 times, followed by sweet 10810 times, pungent 10453 times, sour 2794 times, salty 1651 times, mild 1203 times, and astringency 186 times. In the frequency of the channel tropism involved, the highest is of liver channel 14237 times, followed by lung 10452 times and spleen 10061 times.Conclusion Pro. Yan was accustomed to using the drugs that were of warm and cool natures, and sweet and pungent flavors, and also the drugs that have action on the collateral channels of liver, lung and spleen, which were the same as the experience from Pro. Yan.
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AIM:To bring forward a method of determining aflatoxin G_2、G_1、B_2、B_1 in six kinds of traditional Chinese drugs by HPLC.METHODS:After being extracted by 70% methanol,purified by immunoaffinity column,aflatoxins were analysed by HPLC with fluorescence detection.RESULTS:Aflatoxin G_2、B_2 showed a good linear relationship at a range of 1.5-60pg,and Aflatoxin G_1、B_1 at a range of 5-200 pg,r＞0.999 9.The recovery was between 60%-120%.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and can be used to determine aflatoxin G_2、G_1、B_2、B_1 in Naoliqing Pill,Renshen Yangrong Pill,Rensen Jiapi Pill,Sanqi Tablet,Jinshuibao Capsule and Bailine Capsule.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes of insoluble particles in traditional Chinese drugs injections(TCDI)mixed with infusion fluid and to study the way to solve METHODS:61 kinds of TCDI in therapeutic dosages were mixed in 0 9% sodium chloride solution,then the insoluble particles formed with diameters of 2 5?5 0?10 0 and 25 0?m were counted with Coulter counter,and determined with physical method and microscope The precise filter for liquid medicine were investigated in respect to its flow rate,quantity of flow,adsorbability and scavenging action RESULTS:(1)The number of insoluble particles in 26 kinds of TCDI exceeded the standard in ChP accounting for 42 6% of total samples observed (2)The insoluble particles included glass fragments,active carbon,rubber particles,soft flocks and residue of drugs (3)The flow rate and quantity of flow met the clinical requirement with a scavenging rate of 88 5%,and no adsorbability was found CONCLUSION:Precise infilter for liquid medicine can scavenge the particles in TCDI so as to ensure the safe use of drugs for patients
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Recent studies in the realm of metabolic chemistry of traditional Chinese drugs (TCD),appeared in literature were reviewed. Methods for such study were enumerated and commented upon.Some problems that arised in the study were discussed. It was suggested that the study of metabolic chem-istry on TCD and its compounded preparations should be further pursued.
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Objective To investigate the quality and academic level of Traditional Chinese Drugs Research and Clinical Pharmacology by analyzing the cited articles.Methods Statistic Analysis and evaluation of citation of articles which were issued in Traditional Chinese Drugs Research and Clinical Pharmacology from the year of 2000 to 2004 and cited in the database of Chinese Biomedical Citation Index and the website of China Knowledge Information,was carried out by literature measurement method.Results There were 770 articles issued in Traditional Chinese Drugs Research and Clinical Pharmacology from the year of 2000 to 2004,the citation rate was 52.59 %,and the average citation frequency of each article was 3.22.There were a large amount of articles with high citation rate.The institutions of cited authors covered 27 provinces (including municipalities and autonomous regions ),special zones and countries,in which Guangdong,Beijing and Jiangsu provinces took the leading in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.The journal was cited by other 350 periodicals,and the citation rate was 93.72 %.The self-citation rate was 6.27 %.Conclusion The articles issued in Traditional Chinese Drugs Research and Clinical Pharmacolog have a high quality,and the journal is one of the most important information suppliers for the research of traditional Chinese drugs and clinical pharmacology and also a core journal for the development of new Chinese drugs and for the research of clinical pharmacology.
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0.999 9.The recovery was between 60%-120%.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and can be used to determine aflatoxin G2、G1、B2、B1 in Naoliqing Pill,Renshen Yangrong Pill,Rensen Jiapi Pill,Sanqi Tablet,Jinshuibao Capsule and Bailine Capsule.